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From Gutenberg to the Internet Timeline An Annotated Chronology of the History of Information from about 30,000 B.C.E. to the present, by Jeremy M. Norman. |
| 1920194019501960 |
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1679 |
A dated manuscript by Leibnitz, preserved in the Niedersachsische Landesbibliothek, Hannover, “includes a brief discussion of the possibility of designing a mechanical binary calculator which would use moving balls to represent binary digits.” |
| 1681 | In his book on medieval documents, De Re Diplomatica Libri Sex, the Benedictine monk Jean Mabillon founds the formal study of palaeography and diplomatics. "Mabillon began studying old documents with a view towards establishing their authenticity or falsity as a result of his investigations into doubts that had been raised as to the authenticity of Merovingian documents from the cathedral of St Denis in Paris by the Jesuit Daniel Papebroek. During the Middle Ages, the production of spurious charters and other documents was common, either to provide written documentation of existing rights or to bolster the plausibility of claimed rights. After Mabillon's work, a livelier awareness of the potential for forged or spurious documents became much more important, both for students of history and of law.". |
1683-84 |
Joseph Moxon publishes his Mechanick Exercises on the Whole Art of Printing as part of his survey of the chief trades of his day. This is the first printing manual published in English, and the first comprehensive manual published on printing--a trade that was passed down through apprenticeship since the mid-15th century. . |
| 1684 | Daniel Michael Schmatz publishes in Sultzbach Neu-vorgestelltes auf der löblichen Kunst Buchdruckerey gebräuchliches Format-Buch. This is not a comprehensive printing manual like Moxon's but, "a guide to imposition, different alphabets, Greek and Latin abbreviations, alchemical and pharmaceutical symbols. This is what the journeyman printer needed for ready reference." (Roger Gaskell). It is the fourth printing manual published in German. |
| 1688 | Cornelis a Beughem publishes at Amsterdam, Incunabula typographiae s. catalogus librorum scriptorumque proximis ab inventione typographiae annis ad annum Christi MD inclusive in quavis lingua editorum. This is the first attempt to comprehend and organize the collected literature of early printing. The author cites approximately 3000 titles. The use of the word incunabula (cradle) to designate 15th century books is thought to have originated with this work. A bookseller and city counselor at Emmerich, in the Duchy of Cleves under the rule of the Electors of Brandenburg, and author of several bibliographies, Beughem is probably the foremost bibliographer of the 17th century |
1690 |
Publick Occurrences is issued in Boston, but suppressed after only one issue. It is the first newspaper published in North America. |
1690 |
William Rittenhouse founds the first paper mill in the United States, on the banks of the Monoshone Creek near Germantown, Pennsylvania, outside Philadelphia. |
| 1695 | Lapse of the Printing Act in England ends pre-publication censorship in that country, stimulating the growth of newspapers and other publications. |
| 1698 | The St. Phillips Church Parsonage Provincial Library in Charleston, South Carolina, is founded. It is the first public lending library in the American Colonies. |
1699 |
There are about 150 paper mills in England. Together they employ about 2500 people. |
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| 1920194019501960 |
(This page was last revised on
January 24, 2006. Please report errors
and broken links to jnorman@jnorman.com.) |
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