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From Gutenberg to the Internet Timeline An Annotated Chronology of the History of Information from about 30,000 B.C.E. to the present, by Jeremy M. Norman. |
| 1920194019501960 |
|
1800 |
All phases of cloth production are performed by machines. |
| 1800 | Around this time publication of scientific and medical books in Latin-- the international language of science for about 2000 years--has for the most part ceased. Most scientific and medical books will henceforth be published in their language of authorship, or in French, German or English. |
| April 24 | President John Adams signs legislation providing $5000 to purchase books as necessary for the "use of Congress." This is the origin of the Library of Congress. The Library is originally housed in the Capitol building. |
|
In this year 11,000 tons of paper are produced in the United Kingdom. |
1801 |
Gaspard Riche de Prony completes two manuscript sets of massive logarithmic and trigonometric tables calculated by employing systematic division of mental labor, including the use of mathematically untrained hairdressers unemployed after the French Revolution. The method of production of the tables will inspire Charles Babbage in the design of his Difference Engine No. 1 in 1822. Portions of de Prony's tables will be published for the first time in 1891. |
| The Qur'an first appears in a printed edition issued by Muslims in Kazan (today the capital of Tatarstan 800 km from Moscow). Prior to this date, and for most of the nineteenth century, the Qur'an is primarily transmitted by manuscript copying. | |
1803 |
Joseph-Marie Jacquard receives a patent for inventing his automatic loom, which uses punched cards to store patterns and reduces strenuous manual labor. In 1806 the loom is declared public property and Jacquard receives a pension. He is forced to flee from Lyons because of the anger of the weavers, who fear they will lose their jobs. However, Jacquard perseveres and by the time of his death there will be thirty thousand Jacquard looms installed in Lyons alone. |
1803 |
Senefelder adapts printing by lithography to incorporate zinc plates instead of lithographic stones. |
| April 1803-March 1804 | The Istanbul Engineering College Press in Istanbul issues the the Cedid Atlas Tercumesi (New Atlas). This is the first world atlas printed by Muslims. Only 50 copies are issued. |
1804 |
Henry and Sealy Fourdrinier buy the patents for the papermaking machine invented five years earlier in France by Louis-Nicolas Robert. Bryan Donkin, the Fourdriniers’ engineer, makes modifications to the Robert design. The machines become known as Fourdrinier machines, though some of the improvements will be due to other inventors. By 1838, over 100 Fourdrinier machines will be in operation throughout the United Kingdom. It will be claimed that the machines were producing as much paper in minutes as had previously taken weeks to make by hand. |
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| 1920194019501960 |
(This page was last revised on
January 24, 2006. Please report errors
and broken links to jnorman@jnorman.com.) |
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