|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Gutenberg to the Internet Timeline An Annotated Chronology of the History of Information from about 30,000 B.C.E. to the present, by Jeremy M. Norman. |
| 1920194019501960 |
|
1964 |
Leonard Kleinrock publishes his 1962 PhD thesis in book form as Communication Nets: Stochastic Message Flow and Delay, providing a technology and mathematical theory of data communications. (See Reading 13.4.) |
|
Paul Baran writes On Distributed Communications, describing the use of redundant routing and message blocks to send information across a decentralized network topology. |
|
RCA announces the Spectra series of computers, which can run the same software as IBM’s 360 machines. The Spectra computers are the first commercial computers to use integrated circuits. |
|
SABRE (Semi-Automatic Business-Related Environment), an online airline reservation system developed by American Airlines and IBM, becomes operational. It works over telephone lines in “real time” to handle seat inventory and passenger records from terminals in more than 50 cities. |
|
Installations of the IBM System/360s begin. All IBM 360s will run the same operating system- OS/360. Previously each computer model typically required a different operating system. |
|
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) begins using social security numbers as tax ID numbers. |
|
Thomas E. Kurtz and John G. Kemeny invent BASIC (Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) at Dartmouth. |
|
Systems Development Corporation develops the first computerized encyclopedia. |
| Eugene Garfield publishes the first Science Citation Index in five printed volumes, indexing 613 journals and 1.4 million citations. Two years later, Science Citation Index will become available on magnetic tape. | |
|
William Fetter at Boeing produces the first computer model of a human figure for use in the study of cockpit design. It is called the “First Man.” |
| IBM introduces the Magnetic Tape/Selectric Typewriter (MT/ST). "With this, for the first time, typed material could be edited without having to retype the whole text or chop up a coded copy. On the tape, information could be stored, replayed (that is, retyped automatically from the stored information), corrected, reprinted as many times as needed, and then erased and reused for other projects. This development marked the beginning of word processing as it is known today. It also introduced word processing as a definite idea and concept. The term was first used in IBM's marketing of the MT/ST as a 'word processing' machine. It was a translation of the German word textverabeitung, coined in the late 1950s by Ulrich Steinhilper, an IBM engineer. He used it as a more precise term for what was done by the act of typing. IBM redefined it 'to describe electronic ways of handling a standard set of office activities -- composing, revising, printing, and filing written documents.' | |
| January | The National Library of Medicine has the Medical Library Research and Retrieval System (MEDLARS) operational. |
February 4 |
Eckert and Mauchly receive patent no. 3,120,606 for the ENIAC, a general patent on the stored-program electronic computer. Sperry Rand Univac, owner of the patent, charges a 1.5 percent royalty for all electronic computers sold by all companies except IBM, with which it had previously cross-licensed patents. |
February 14 |
Texas Instruments in partnership with Zenith Radio introduces the first consumer product containing an integrated circuit--a hearing aid. |
April 7 |
IBM announces the System/360 family of compatible machines. These are the first IBM computers capable of both commercial and scientific applications that are offered at what is considered a “reasonable price.” Microprogramming is adopted in their design. |
| May | The Central Intelligence Bureau of the Chinese People's Liberation Army issues in Beijing or Tianjin Mao Zedong, Mao Zhu XI Yu Lu (Quotations of Chairman Mao.) This "probably still holds the world record for most copies printed of a single work in under four years (720 million books by the end of 1967)." |
November |
The Homestead Meeting between Licklider and Lawrence G. Roberts sparks Roberts to undertake the creation of the ARPANET. |
|
| 1920194019501960 |
(This page was last revised on
February 6, 2006. Please report errors
and broken links to jnorman@jnorman.com.) |
Home | About this Book | Timeline ©2005-2006
| historyofscience.com
| normanpublishing.com Site design and development by tikibobpublishing.com |
