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From Gutenberg to the Internet Timeline An Annotated Chronology of the History of Information from about 30,000 B.C.E. to the present, by Jeremy M. Norman. |
| 1920194019501960 |
|
1968 |
Licklider and Robert Taylor publish The Computer as a Communication Device in which they describe features of the future ARPANET. (See Reading 13.6.) |
|
The first manned Apollo flights occur, including Apollo 8, which circumnavigates the moon on Christmas Eve. |
| Mead Corporation purchases Data Corporation. | |
| Ivan Sutherland at the University of Utah, with the help of his student Bob Sproull, creates the first Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) head mounted display system. The head mounted display is so heavy that it has to be suspended from the ceiling, and the formidable appearance of the device inspires its name--the Sword of Damocles. The system is primitive both in terms of user interface and realism, and the graphics comprising the virtual environment are simple wireframe rooms. | |
| Ivan Sutherland and David Evans, both professors at the University of Utah, found Evans & Sutherland to commercialize the use of computers as simulators for training purposes. | |
|
Jasia Reichardt publishes Cybernetic Serendipity: The Computer and the Arts, based on an exhibition in London. This is the first serious exhibition of computer art. |
|
Hewlett Packard introduces the desk calculator, HP 9100A. |
| Mansell begins publication of The National Union Catalog, Pre-1956 Imprints: a Cumulative Author List Representing Library of Congress Printed Cards and Titles Reported by other American Libraries. One of the largest sets of printed volumes ever published, it will be completed in 1981 in 754 folio volumes, containing a total of over 12,000,000 entries. | |
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Stanley Kubrick, in his film 2001: A Space Odyssey, captures imaginations with the idea of a computer that can see, speak, hear, and “think.” |
Philip K. Dick publishes his science fiction novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? It tells of the moral crisis of Rick Deckard, a bounty hunter who stalks androids-- robots visually identifical to people--in a fall-out clouded, dystopic, partially deserted San Francisco. In 1982 the novel will be brought to the screen as Blade Runner, with its location changed to Los Angeles. |
|
January |
Aaron Klug describes techniques for the reconstruction of three-dimensional structures from electron micrographs, thus founding the processing of three-dimensional digital images. D. J. de Rosier and A. Klug, “Reconstruction of three dimensional structures from electron micrographs,” Nature 217 (1968) 13034. |
July 18 |
Robert Noyce, Gordon Moore and Andrew Grove found Intel. The company is originally incorporated under the name of NM Electronics. |
December 8 |
Douglas Engelbart of the Stanford Research Institute demonstrates at the San Francisco Convention Center an “oNLine System” (NLS), the features of which include hypertext, text editing, screen windowing, and email. To make this system operate, Engelbart uses the mouse which he had invented the previous year. |
October 7-11 |
The term “software engineering” is coined at a NATO conference, in response to the perception that computer programming has not kept up with advances in computer hardware. |
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| 1920194019501960 |
(This page was last revised on
November 1, 2007
. Please report errors
and broken links to jnorman@jnorman.com.) |
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